Algorithms and Software have been developed to forecast El Nino and La Nina.  The graph to the left is a hindcast of the ONI for DJF and was created using March data.
 

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Forecast of yearly precipitation can be made in January for some locations.  This graph is for Palm Springs, CA and was created using January data,  11 months in advance.

Other sites may require later input data to get the same level of accuracy.

Breakup Dates for Offshore Barrow to Prudhoe Bay refers to the opening of the small boat route.
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